Charge Palatinose™

Yamamoto® Nutrition Charge Palatinose™ is a powder food supplement for healthy adults for use after intense and prolonged workouts which cause muscle fatigue and reduce glycogen in the muscles. The key ingredient of Charge is isomaltulose, a carbohydrate metabolised by the human body, and a source of glucose and fructose.
After very intense and/or prolonged workouts, with muscle fatigue and depletion of glycogen stores in skeletal muscles, carbohydrates contribute to the recovery of normal muscle function, i.e. contraction (see Directions).

After the great success obtained by the now "famous" highly branched cyclodextrins (HBCD), the dynamic product catalogue of the Yamamoto stable continues to insert new elements, among them another particular form of carbohydrate: the isomaltulose (Palatinose™) presented by us as "Charge". Isomaltulose is a disaccharide formed from glucose and fructose which is present in nature, albeit in rather low concentrations, in honey and in cane sugar syrup, and its production is done through modern enzymatic conversion techniques starting from sucrose. Isomaltulose, is often compared (and replaced) to sucrose not only for its highly sweetening power (45-50% of that of sucrose) and development linked to its flavour, so much so that it is often used in the food industry. Just like sucrose it is totally digested at the intestinal level, even if its digestion takes place slower. A structural characteristic characterised by the fact that that the bonds of the molecules that form the isomaltulose (alpha (a) -1,6-glycosidic) are more stable than those of the molecules present in the sucrose. So this is an interesting point and much appreciated for the sportsman who wants to maintain optimal performance levels, the glycemia  and insulin increase being significantly lower than other sugars. This particular type of bond existing between these two components (fructose and glucose) is such as to slow down the speed of absorption. Then our intestinal disaccharidases, which are the enzymes capable of breaking the molecular link between the two disaccharide-forming sugars, will favour their subsequent absorption and bioavailability, proceeding much more slowly for the isomaltulose than for other more well-known disaccharide sugars, such as, for example, sucrose. As a result, the blood sugar and insulin levels will have a significantly lower increase and will still be very gradual. This has brought out the advantages that have made it already well known in the world of sports integration in particular for endurance sports such as athletics, cycling, triathlon, cross-country skiing, etc, or the fact that it has a low glycemic index and a reduced osmolarity compared to glucose and fructose which were used a lot in the past (but not immune to different limits and side effects). The split glucose enters the blood more times than the use of other sugars, with a stimulation to the lower insulin release. Isomaltulose has a glycemic index similar to fructose but compared to it, has the advantage of lesser "impact" on the hepatic production of triglycerides and therefore is more suitable than fructose, or "historical" mixtures used by athletes with fructose, glucose or maltodextrin as a low glycemic carbohydrate. Less glycemic and insulin oscillations and less gastrointestinal disturbances. In fact, with isomaltulose, the risk of gastrointestinal disorders is reduced even further after its intake, and scientific studies have shown that isomaltulose is able to provide energy for a longer time without the risk of incurring the so-called glycemic "crash" (declines). Therefore, once ingested by the athlete, it is gradually absorbed and follows the same metabolic processes as sucrose, the sugars freed from its hydrolysis being the same as those resulting from the hydrolysis of sucrose (glucose and fructose). The digestion process is particularly "easy" for the gastrointestinal tract, also with very good tolerability emerging from the studies, without presenting particular problems of the gastrointestinal type typical of other forms of carbohydrate used in sports (e.g. swelling, fermentation also type cramping, nausea, diarrhea) or allergic reactions. Noteworthy of being presented in its favour compared to its more famous "relatives" and also partially appreciated by the food industry (glucose, maltodextrin, fructose or sucrose itself) is the fact that although it provides an energy contribution equal to 4 Kcal /g, unlike sucrose, it does not favour the onset of caries because it cannot be used by the micro-organisms responsible for their appearance.  From a "metabolic" point of view it has emerged that from some comparative studies, by using palatinosio instead of higher glycemic index disaccharides the body oxidises less carbohydrates and more fatty acids thus saving the carbohydrate reserves. A really interesting performance support weapon for many types of sports! Thanks to the slowness of its absorption process, essentially assuming Charge widens the temporal extension of the glycemic curve, it makes the isomaltulose a slow release energy source. This can support the body during training sessions even of very prolonged and sustained intensity, with no drop in performance due to glycemia that fluctuates or annoying gastrointestinal disturbances, having in its favour a sustained scientific literature as well as positive concrete evidence from athletes in the field. It is a white and crystalline powder, it is not hygroscopic so it is well discernible, does not form clots, and mixes very well in beverages with other elements such as mineral salts, branched or essential amino acids for example.
Charge Palatinose™ can be taken both before and during training for endurance sports in particular or in any case those that go beyond a certain length of time, presenting itself as a newer and more effective alternative to the most common sources of simple carbohydrates or mixtures used in the past based on glucose, fructose, sucrose and/or maltodextrins.

Bibliography

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2. Food Standard Agency UK. Dossier for application for approval of Isomaltulose according to Novel Food EEC Regulation. Available on www.food.gov.uk Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27th January 1997 concerning novel foods and novel food ingredients.

3. NutriScience. 2002. The Effect of Dextrose and Isomaltulose Ingestion on Serum Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Volunteers. NutriScience Report 72.01.0003.

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6. Gazzetta Ufficiale dell'Unione Europea del 23.06.05. DECISIONE DELLA COMMISSIONE del 4 aprile 2005 che autorizza l'immissione in commercio dell'isomaltulosio come nuovo alimento o nuovo ingrediente alimentare in forza del regolamento (CE) n. 258/97 del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio [notificata con il numero C(2005) 1001]

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8. Kawai, K.; Okuda, Y.; Chiba, Y.; Yamashita, K. 1986. Palatinose (isomaltulose) as a potential parenteral nutrient: its metabolic effects and fate after oral and intravenous administration to dogs. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 32:297-306.

9. Kawai, K.; Yoshikawa, H.; Murayama, Y.; Okuda, Y.; Yamashita, K. 1989. Usefulness of palatinose (isomaltulose) as a caloric sweetener for diabetic patients. Horm Metab Res 21:338-340.

    

10. Hespel, P.; Van den Eede, E.; Ramaekers, M.; Muls, E.; Vansant, G. 2003. Effects of Isomaltulose Intake on Blood Glucose and Insulin Concentration at Rest and During Exercise in Patients With Insulin Resistance: Comparison With Fructose. Final Report. 10 July 2003

11. Liao, Z.-H.; Li, Y.-B.; Yao, B.; Fan, H.-D.; Hu, G.-L.; Weng, J.-P. 2001. The effects of isomaltulose on blood glucose and lipids for diabetic subjects. Diabetes 50(Suppl. 2):A366 [Abstract No. 1530-P].

     

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16. Sasaki, N.; Topitsoglou, V.; Takazoe, I.; Frostell, G. 1985. Cariogenicity of isomaltulose (palatinose), sucrose and mixture of these sugars in rats infected with streptococcus mutans E-49. Swed Dent J 9(4):149-155.

17. SCF. 1984. Report of the Scientific Committee for Food on Sweeteners (Opinion expressed in 1984), 16th Series, 1985.
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21. U.S. FDA. 1997. Secondary Direct Food Additives Permitted In Food For Human Consumption; Proposed rule (21 CFR Part 173.25). Fed Regist (US) 62(74).